For the first entry lets start out with the most used unit in the Greek army, the Hoplite (Οπλßτης). Although there are dozens of more clases, phalangites, Agraspides, and others that only a ancient greek or a linguist could pronounce, but, as I said lets start of with the hoplite.
A Greek Hoplite's primary (first, main) weapon wouid be his "Dory" in translated English, or spear Λüγχη. I have also heard of a "Doru" but I will have to get more information than what a game says! lol
Below are 2 pictures and description of spears from: www.4hoplites.com
Primary Weapons
The Stabbing Spear (Dory)
The primary weapon of the Hoplite was the long, stabbing spear. A heavily counterbalanced weapon that was designed to be used in close formation and that had a number of design features built in. To begin with, the counterbalance weight, known as the sarouter or 'lizard sticker' helped bring the centre of gravity back to around 2 feet from the bottom. This 'shifting' of the centre of balance was also aided by using a tapered shaft, most likely at around 1.5 or 1.25 inches at the base thinning to around 1 inch or .75 inches at the front.
 At the front
 At the back
The Hoplite's Secondary weapon would be Xiphos (a short sword) or a Kopis
which though not derived from is a direct parralell with the Iberian "Falcata"
 Falcata
 Xiphos
The first piece of a Hoplite's armour would be his helm\helmet. Normally this would be a simple conicle shaped cap made out of bronze, but for higher ranking Hoplites and more often seen would be the "Corinthian Helm."
   
A Hoplite's or a "hoplon" shield was concave in shape, made with wooden planks fixed together and coated with bronze and usually painted with an image or symbols. The shields instead of being held by one hand were strapped on two points to the Hoplite's left arm giving him a greater amount of leverage and leaving both of his hands free to better manuever and thrust his spear.
Most Hoplites did not wear much armour on their torsos\chests, because their shields could cover all of their body except the head, arms and legs. Heavily armoured Hoplites might have worn something like this exept it would probably be made of bronze or iron.
 This might be called a Greek "Cuirass" (no, not a Greek word.)
Last, but not least, what would protect the Hoplite's legs since the shield did not cover them? The Greeks had that covered.
  Greek "greaves" (leg plates)
Now that we have gone over the armour and weapons of the Greek Hoplite, lets see how they fought. The Greeks frequently tried to fight in "phalanx" formation. This is a formation in which each Hoplite's shield overlaps the one next to him and the Hoplite's spear protrudes out of this shield wall.
Phalanx is on left.
In this Phalanx formation, assault from the front is almost suicidal, but the Phalanx does have a weakness... to keep the formation intact, all the spears must be pointing forward, so if the enemy out manuevers the phalanx and closes in on the sides or the rear, the Hoplite being attacked must either flee or take his spear out of the phalanx and fight the attacker with his spear. More probable, he'd use his sword or falcata. However, unless "flanked" (attacked from the side), the phalanx was an easy formation to keep on level ground. The Hoplites had very little training in the use of their secondary weapons and a better trained soldier could easily defeat them. When a Greek general positioned his phalanx in a way that was very difficult or hard fo flank, as in the famous battles of Marathon and Thermopolae, the Phalanx was a force to be reckoned with.
I hope you have enjoyed this little overview of the Greek Hoplite and a powerfull battle formation the Hoplites were famous for.
Look for the next entry: "The Spartan Warrior."
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A Spartan Officer
