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An important aspect that a reading instruction program must have is getting children to pay attention. That's why Orton-based The Writing & Spelling Road to Reading & Thinking is an effective method. Through use of memory devices like Socratic questioning and a mnemonic marking system, children are trained to listen and focus on the learning process.

Here is some additional information taken from an excerpt of New Scientist magazine, 28 May 2005, page 28:

 
PAYING attention is a complex mental process, an interplay of zooming in on 
detail and stepping back to survey the big picture. So unfortunately there 
is no single remedy to enhance your concentration. But there are a few ways 
to improve it.
 
The first is to raise your arousal levels. The brain's attentional state is 
controlled by the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenalin. Dopamine 
encourages a persistent, goal-centred state of mind whereas noradrenalin 
produces an outward-looking, vigilant state. So not surprisingly, anything 
that raises dopamine levels can boost your powers of concentration.
 
One way to do this is with drugs (My comments: Not recommended!) 
such as amphetamines and the ADHD drug methylphenidate, better
known as Ritalin. Caffeine also works. But if you prefer the drug-free 
approach, the best strategy is to sleep well, eat foods packed with 
slow-release sugars, and take lots of exercise. It also helps if 
you are trying to focus on something that you find interesting.
 
The second step is to cut down on distractions. Workplace studies have found 
that it takes up to 15 minutes to regain a deep state of concentration after 
a distraction such as a phone call. Just a few such interruptions and half 
the day is wasted.
 
Music can help as long as you listen to something familiar and soothing that 
serves primarily to drown out background noise. Psychologists also recommend 
that you avoid working near potential diversions, such as the fridge.
 
There are mental drills to deal with distractions. College counsellors 
routinely teach students to recognise when their thoughts are wandering, and 
catch themselves by saying "Stop! Be here now!" It sounds corny but can 
develop into a valuable habit.....