There and Back Again

...And What Happened After. The Tale of the Great Ring, compiled by Bilbo Baggins from his own observations and the accounts of his friends. What we did in the War of the Ring as seen by the Little People."


Wednesday

Theory of Relativity in a Nutshell

Posted in Science

In one of my recent posts I talked about the life and character of Albert Einstein and promised to discuss his theories later. Here is an attempt to explain part of his famous theory of relativity. 

 

In Stephanie S. McPherson’s book on Einstein, she talked a lot about his life, but didn’t give any notable information on his theories.  So I skimmed Cwiklik’s book on Einstein.  It gave a little bit more information but not much.  However, it mentioned one important aspect of his theory, the belief that motion is relative.  (This is an aspect of the Special Theory of Relativity.)  It was very, very hard to grasp.  This can get really complex, so I am going to use an everyday example to explain what that means and why it is correct. 

Let us pretend we are traveling over a bridge on a train.  If I drop a stone out of the window, I see it fall down to earth in a straight line.  If a pedestrian below watches the stone, he will see it fall in a (parabolic) curve.  How did the stone really fall?  In a straight line or curved?  The idea that motion is relative says that question does not exist.  Actually it does exist, because I just asked it, so let’s put it this way.  There is no correct answer to that question.  Think about it. 

          I thought that the stone fell in a curve.  It only looked like it fell in a straight line to the person(s) in the railway carriage because they were moving.  That made sense to me, at first.  After a week or two, however, I found an article on a website that explained the theory and then I realized I was incorrect in my assumption.  It is written in somewhat technical language, so I will try to simplify it here.

So, how did the stone really fall?  It depends entirely upon the frame of reference of the observer.  The question here really is, ‘Where do you measure the stone’s movement from?’  We tend to say that it looks to the people on the carriage like the stone fell in a straight line because they are moving.  But maybe it looks like the stone moves in a curve to the pedestrian because he is not moving.  If you measure the stone’s movement from the ground it is curved.  If you measure from the train it is straight.  It all depends upon the frame of reference, and therefore the stone’s motion is relative. 

 

- Legolas 

 

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Wednesday

I Went Traipsing Through the Universe

Posted in Science

The other night Frodo and my Dad and I had a lively debate concerning the end of the Universe.  It was very interesting.  My Dad says that the Universe is finite, and, beyond it there is nothing.  We didn’t quite understand what Nothing was, or wasn’t.  It is all very well to say there is nothing, but it is harder than you think to imagine it.  We wanted to know what it was like.  This is a part of the conversation. 

 

I said, “Ok.  Let’s pretend that, despite the impossibility, we are standing on the edge of the Universe.  So…what do we see?”

 

“Nothing. Beyond the Universe there is nothing.”

 

“And what is Nothing? That doesn’t make sense.  When you look over the ‘edge’ what do you see and what stops you from going on?  Why can’t you take one more step?  What does nothingness look like?  Is it a color?”

 

“No.  It is simply nothing.  Look. It is like this.  I am making a circle with my hand.  How do you go deeper into the circle?  You can’t.”

 

“But that is different.  You can’t go deeper but you can keep going and come out the other side. So what stops you from taking one more step?”

 

“Listen, if it is nothing it can’t be somewhere, and if it is nowhere you can’t go there or it would be somewhere.

 

“Ok. But what stops you from going on?

 

Obviously, we didn’t understand each other.  Then I remembered that Albert Einstein said that the Universe is round, like the earth.  There isn’t an edge to come to and look over.  This put a whole new light on the matter.  My Dad agrees with him.  If this is so, then…

 

I argued - “Imagine that this ball is the Universe.  Inside it is Everything.  What is outside it?  If Everything is inside it then Nothing must be outside it.  But what is Nothing?  Nothing has to be the lack of Something.  If so, then it is empty space.  You have to have one or the other.  You can’t have lack of Something and lack of space.  So, if we have empty space, then what keeps you from going into it?  If somehow gravity stops you from going out of It, It is still there.  And just because it is impossible to go there does NOT mean it does not exist.”

 

Here we ran into a problem.  What we said seemed to indicate that the Universe is infinite.  We all agreed it is not.  I guess the problem was just that we couldn’t understand what ‘finite’ is.  It seemed to be impossible.  So…

 

“What do you think about this, Mom?”

 

So far, she had not really concerned herself in it.  Later she told us something that put her out of all our debates,

 

“I do not concern myself in things greater than myself.”

 

I suppose she is right.  Later I wrote a rather comic poem on the ‘End of the Universe.’

 

I went traipsing through the Universe
Without a single care,
All decked out in silver stars
And poppies in my hair
And wondering when I would ever reach
The other-side of Nowhere

 

And then I suddenly came to the end
Of the Universe; it’s true
I came to a stop at the end of the world
And found I could not go through
And I stood on the cliff of the Universe
And looked down on the beautiful hue

 

Of nothingness; it was amazingly grand
Trust me; It was really superb
Standing there on the edge of it All
As the wild winds around me whirred
And I don’t know why I’ve never been told
And I can't imagine why I’ve never heard
Of the glorious end of the Universe.

 

And then I decided I’d try to go on
And see what happened next
And what lay beyond
And what I would find
When all else was gone

 

But that was the End; the End of it All
I looked and I looked but there wasn’t any more
Beyond there was Nothing, an invisible wall
An undetectable barrier, an imperceptible door
A door that was shut and would open to none
And I wondered what I had taken all that trouble for

 

Just to come to the End and find it was locked
And have to turn back just when I didn’t want
To gaze out in the distance, to where I couldn’t walk
It really was such a discouraging thought
To never be able to find what I sought
At the Utmost End of the Universe

 

- Legolas

 

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Monday

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Posted in Science

We've added a new link to our sidebar called ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY.  A new picture is featured each day from NASA.  Check it out!

 

Legolas

 

 

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Friday

Broken Comet On Its Way ...

Posted in Science

 

TONIGHT, YOU CAN WATCH THE COMET 73P PASS BY!

 

                     

 

(The following article is from a March 24, 2006 NASA news release on Comet Schwassman-Wachmann written by Tony Phillips.)

 

"In May 2006 the fragments are going to fly past Earth closer than any comet has come in almost eighty years. ..
 Even backyard astronomers will be able to take pictures as the mini-comets file through the constellations Cygnus and Pegasus on May 12, 13 and 14.

Ironically, despite being so close, these comets will not be very bright. The largest fragments are expected to glow like 3rd or 4th magnitude stars, which are only dimly visible to the unaided eye.

 "Remember," says Yeomans, "these are mini-comets."

 They're not like the Great Comets Hayutake and Hale-Bopp of 1996 and 1997. Those could be seen with the naked eye from light-polluted cities. The fragments of 73P, on the other hand, are best viewed from the countryside—and don't forget your binoculars.

...No knows how long the "string of pearls" will be when it finally arrives.

 This is very uncertain; indeed, forecasters consider it unlikely. But an expanding cloud of dust from the 1995 break-up of the comet could brush past Earth in May 2006 producing a display of meteors. ..
 The watch begins on May 12th. "

 

TONIGHT!

 

Legolas

 

 


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Friday

If You Don't like Chemistry, Skip this Post

Posted in Science

                 

 

Okay, the semi-scientist is back. Today I did a very interesting experiment. I had just run out of experiments in my book and was disappointedly cleaning up, when some of my bromocresol purple accidentally got mixed with a little bit of acetic acid (vinegar), and the purple bromocresol became a yellowish orange. Excited, I took the mixture and tried to figure out why it did that. I still don’t know, but I figured out that sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), when added made the mixture back to purple, but not the exact same shade. I thought it was very interesting. This boosted my confidence. For the next half hour (or more), I experimented from what I knew, not following the book exactly, until I had conjured up two mixtures.

 

One contained:

  • Acetic Acid
  • Bromocresol purple
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol
  • Aluminum Sulfate in Sodium Tetraborate
  • Sodium Bicarbonate, (added last.)

 

The second contained:

  • Acetic Acid
  • Bromocresol Purple
  • Ferric Chloride
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol
  • Sodium bicarbonate (added last.)                         

 

Sodium Bicarbonate turned the Bromocresol, which had been turned yellow by the acetic acid, back to purple only in the first mixture. The ferric chloride exchange for the aluminum Sulfate (in sodium tetraborate), seems to have made a difference.

My hypothesis is that perhaps the ferric chloride, which is orangey-brown may have diluted the effects of the sodium bicarbonate. (Being too strong for the purple color that the baking soda was supposed to bring back.) Personally, I don’t think the aluminum sulfate had anything to do with it. But I used it so I thought it best to write it down just in case it had some little trick to do with the magic. Unfortunately, my mom is not a chemist so the wizard hasn’t found out the reason for that one either. But he will, some day.

            While looking up ferric chloride on the encyclopedia to see if I could find an answer to the above question, (I never found it), I came upon a document and learned that ‘small amounts of sodium hydroxide are produced by the soda-lime process in which a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate (soda) is reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime); calcium carbonate precipitates, leaving a sodium hydroxide solution. I looked up calcium hydroxide and found how it can be made. It is prepared by reacting calcium oxide (lime) with water, a process called slaking, and is also known as hydrated lime or slaked lime.

            So that is my next experiment  (some time in the next five years. . .)- attempting to make sodium hydroxide. IF I can get lime and IF I can figure out how to react lime with water and IF it all works and, well, a lot more “Ifs…

 

Legolas

 

 

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Saturday

A Little Look at Chemistry

Posted in Science

I am very interested in chemistry. I think it is really neat that diamonds and charcoal are practically the same thing. They are both carbon. Diamonds are constructed like a pyramid; each atom clings to four others so diamonds resist wear. By adding pressure and heat to charcoal, diamonds can be formed. They are too small to be valuable as gemstones, but as diamonds are the hardest minerals in the world, they can be used for machine uses and are very helpful.

 

           And to any other chemistry fanatics out there, I recommend ‘The World of Chemistry’ by John Hudson Tiner.

 

Legolas

 

 

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Our Quest

"All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given to us..." GANDALF

The purpose of this blog is to record the ideas that are most important to us. We are two sisters who choose to go by the names of Frodo and Legolas. You will find poems and quotes, narrations and pictures from our favorite sources that have inspired us to use the time that has been given to us to the best of our ability. We hope you will enjoy the journey there and back again....

Frodo and Legolas





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Frodo is Reading...

• The Birth of Britain
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• Age of Chivalry
• Fearfully And Wonderfully Made
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Legolas is Reading...

• The Silmarillion
• Halliburton's Book of Marvels: The Occident
• Age of Fable
• Life of Nicias by Plutarch
• The Story of the Greeks
• Augustus Caesar's World
• The Sea Around Us
• Hittite Warrior
• Animal Farm
• Magician's Nephew (in Turkish)
• Archimedes and the Door of Science
• Swiss Family Robinson
• What Katy Did
• Unfinished Tales
• Where the Red Fern Grows
• Follow My Leader
• Penrod
• Story of the Romans
• Along Came Galileo
• Jack and Jill
• Never Give In
• Valley of Thorns (in Turkish)
• Ben Hur



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The Myth

"The value of the myth is that it
takes all the things we know and
restores to them the rich
significance which has been hidden
by the veil of familiarity . . .
By putting bread, gold, horse, apple
or the very roads into a myth,
we do not retreat from reality:
we rediscover it. As long as the
story lingers in our mind,
the real things are more themselves.
[The Lord of the Rings]
applies the treatment not only
to bread or apple but to good and evil,
to our endless perils, our anguish
and our joys. By dipping them in myth
we see them more clearly. I do not
think [Tolkien] could have done it
in any other way.”
- C.S. Lewis


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The Music

INTO THE WEST by Yulia



The Movie

LORD OF THE RINGS
The Return of the King




'When the seas and mountains fall
And we come to end of days
In the dark I hear a call
Calling me there
I will go there
And back again'


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